An epidemic of landslides. It occurs when an infection caused by a virus or virus can spread more and more quickly.
This epidemic can cause serious illness and can easily spread from person to person.
As of March 2020, the world is currently experiencing a global outbreak of COVID-19. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the disease had an epidemic.
Many governments have now banned free movement and placed people under house arrest to reduce the spread of the epidemic.
In this article, we discuss the differences between epidemics and epidemics, how epidemics begin, and future problems.
Stay up to date with the latest updates on the current COVID-19 outbreak and visit our coronavirus hub for more advice on prevention and treatment.
Epidemic or epidemic?
According to the WHO, the epidemic involves the spread of a new disease worldwide. While the epidemic remains limited to one city, state, or country, the epidemic extends beyond national borders and perhaps to the rest of the world.
Authorities consider the disease to be an epidemic when the number of infected people is higher than the forecast number in a particular region.
If infection spreads in many countries at the same time, it could turn into a pandemic.
A new strain of virus or subcutaneous transmission that can easily spread to humans can cause an epidemic. Antibiotics that are resistant to antibiotics can also develop after rapid spread.
In some cases, a pandemic occurs when new diseases increase the ability to spread rapidly, such as Black Death, or bubonic plague.
People may have little or no immunity to a new virus. Often, a new virus cannot spread between animals and humans. However, if the disease changes or changes, it can start to spread easily, and there can be an epidemic.
Annual flu flus (flu) is usually caused by small germs that are already circulating in humans. On the other hand, the novel subtypes, causes an epidemic of diseases. These subtypes will not previously be distributed among humans.
Epidemics affect a large number of people and can be far more dangerous than the plague. It can also lead to social unrest, economic loss, and general distress.
COVID-19 epidemic
Writing in March 2020, the current epidemic has had an unprecedented impact on the world.
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a type of coronavirus. The virus first caused infections in Wuhan, China, before it spread worldwide.
According to WHO recommendations, more than a third of the world's population is closed. Several countries - including the United States, the United Kingdom, India and China - have not closed their borders, disrupting industrial and industrial migration.
People in many lands have lost their jobs because of the closure of “less important” businesses in order to curb the spread of the virus. Restaurants, gymnasiums, religious buildings, parks and offices are closed in many places.
The epidemic can also increase the pressure on health care systems by increasing the demand for certain medicines.
People with severe symptoms of COVID-19 use multiple ventilators and beds for intensive care. As a result, resources may be scarce for those who need these equipment.
However, countries have put in place measures to combat this. For example, the U.S. government He called on companies, including Ford and General Motors, to start making respirators, respirators and face shields to meet additional needs.
Officials hope that these emergency production methods and travel restrictions - which have a global economic and social impact - will reduce the spread of the disease.
Countries work together to acquire medical equipment and to develop vaccines, or they may not be available for months or even years.
The flu epidemic
Epidemics can occur when a type of flu virus, known as influenza A virus, develops abruptly.
These changes can lead to what the body sees as a completely new virus. The dramatic and sudden change from the visible virus to the new one is called the antigenic shift.
On the surface of the virus are HA and NA proteins. If one or both of these mutations change, a new strain of influenza A virus may appear. Influenza viruses are H-number and N-virus. Swine flu, for example, is also known as H1N1, while bird flu has the H5N1 subtype.
If a certain type of flu gains the ability to spread rapidly among humans, a pandemic can strike.
Once the epidemic broke out and spread, people eventually became defensive. The subtype of the virus can then circulate among humans for several years, creating a flu epidemic from time to time.
Various organizations around the world, such as the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), monitor the effectiveness and transmission of influenza viruses.
Their discovery helps health authorities develop strategies to control the spread and impact of the flu.
History
The Spanish flu epidemic, from 1918 to 1920, killed 100 million people. Experts consider it to be the most serious epidemic in history. The Black Death killed more than 75 million people in the 14th century.
Other diseases that have occurred throughout history include:
541-542: Justinian plague
1346-1350: Black Death
1899–1923: Sixth cholera epidemic
1918-1920: Spanish influenza (H1N1)
1957-1958: Asian flu (H2N2)
1968-1969: Hong Kong Flu
2009-2010: Swine flu (H1N1)
2020: COVID-19
Animals carry certain rare germs to humans. In some cases, these viruses can be transmitted and transmitted to humans and humans.
When an animal virus starts to spread to humans, health authorities focus on it as a potential pandemic. This transmission indicates that the virus is mutant and can be highly contagious and dangerous.
Swine flu and bird flu are viral infections that were common in pigs and birds, respectively, but not in humans. This has changed when antigenic activity occurs.
In recent years there have been concerns about the viruses that experts have linked to camels (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS-CoV) and apes (Ebola).
Categories
The WHO has a six-phase plan to diagnose a potential flu pandemic:
Stage 1: No local health authorities have reported that the flu virus circulating among animals can cause infections in humans.
Stage 2: An animal flu virus that spreads to domestic or wild animals has caused infections in humans. The WHO views this as a potential threat.
Stage 3: Animal or human-animal flu virus has caused infections in small groups of people. However, there was no effect on the transfer of a person fast enough to stabilize the outbreak of social status.
Section 4: WHO confirms that the transmission of HIV from animals to humans is now able to address the outbreak at the community level.
Stage 5: The same virus has caused ongoing human outbreaks in two or more countries in the same WHO region.
Phase 6: In addition to the phase 5 process, the same virus has caused ongoing human outbreaks in at least one country in a different WHO region.
Post-peak period: The incidence of the flu epidemic in many countries with adequate monitoring has dropped below high levels.
Post-epidemic period: The rate of flu activity has returned to normal annual flu rates in many countries considered adequately.
According to these definitions, the COVID-19 epidemic is currently in the 6th phase.
Anxiety
Medical science has evolved rapidly in recent years, but it is unlikely that it will be completely immune to the potential epidemic due to the novel nature of the diseases involved.
Humans would not be naturally immune to newly transmitted diseases, which means that they could have serious side effects after spreading among humans.
The following have been the causes of anxiety or persistence:
Coronaviruses
Coronaviruses have caused concern over their potential leading to epidemics in recent years. Examples of coronavirus infections, in addition to SARS-CoV-2, include SARS and MERS. In March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 became the first coronavirus to reach the epidemic, causing COVID-19.
Previously, health agencies and government agencies have been able to prevent coronavirus infection from becoming more prevalent in local epidemics. MERS is still active, but the outbreak occurs at a much slower and more frequent rate.
On the other hand, COVID-19 has reached all continents except Antarctica.
A fever that causes bleeding
Hemorrhagic fevers, including those caused by the Ebola and Marburg viruses, can be epidemics. However, close communication is needed to spread these diseases.
Modern surveillance programs, studies from the recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa, and vaccine testing give hope that authorities can respond quickly to future outbreaks, increasing the chances of reducing disease.
Antimicrobial resistance
Antibiotic resistance is also a major problem. The strains of TB are among the most troubling.
A 2016 study estimated that about half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occurred worldwide in 2013.
The flu
Wild birds are the natural carriers of a variety of flu.
Frequently, the flu epidemic passes from birds to humans, triggering an epidemic of epidemics without precautionary measures and precautions.
The bird flu (H5N1) is an example of this. Authorities began pointing fingers at Vietnam in 2004. It has never progressed beyond epidemic levels, but the potential for this virus to interact with human flu viruses worries scientists.
Ebola
The Ebola epidemic has taken place in Liberia and other West African countries from 2014 to 2015.
Significant efforts to stem the tide of Ebola outbreak prevent further outbreaks, although some people have contracted the disease overseas.
Ebola has recently emerged in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the WHO is monitoring the situation.
Summary
Epidemics are spreading worldwide. Diseases that spread from animals to humans are often the cause.
From the Black Death in Europe during the Middle Ages to the Spanish flu during World War I, a pandemic could change the course of society for many years to come.
The current epidemic, COVID-19, is causing worldwide disruption.